SAM ADVANCED MANAGEMENT JOURNAL

Building Supportive, Inclusive Workplaces Where Neurodivergent Thinkers Thrive: Approaches in Managing Diversity, Inclusion, and Building Entrepreneurship in the Workplace

Jan Coplan, Lee Crocker, Jeanette Landin, and Tamara Stenn

Citation: Coplan, J., Crocker, L., Landin, J., & Stenn, T. (2021). Building supportive, inclusive workplaces where neurodivergent thinkers thrive: Approaches in managing diversity, inclusion, and building entrepreneurship in the workplace. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 86(1),21-30.

 

Abstract

Companies with differently-abled employees outperform their competitors, averaging 28% higher revenue plus higher shareholder returns (Hyland & Connolly, 2018). However, individuals with intellectual and developmental differences have an 85% unemployment rate (Moss, 2019). The disconnect between talent and opportunity is due to job misalignment and neurodiverse individuals’ unique needs (Armstrong, 2010). Self Determination Theory (SDT) shows how individuals who have more control over their work environment and interactions enjoy more significant states of well-being (Deci and Ryan, 2000). Intrapreneurs work in a team and project-based environment, which mimics the entrepreneur’s experience and leads to greater well-being (Shir, Nikolaev & Wincent, 2019). Building successful neurodivergent intrapreneurs requires instruction in thinking awareness, coaching, and teambuilding methods. A hybrid academic and workplace collaboration creates an innovative, self-directed problem-solving approach that benefits the individual and the organization. This approach appears through collaborations with Landmark College and Ernst & Young (EY), SAP software, and DXC Technology – global neurodiverse individuals’ employers.

References

Annabi, H., Crooks, E. W., Barnett, N., Guadagno, J., Mahoney, J. R., Michelle, J., … Velasco, J. (2019). Autism @ Work Playbook: Finding talent and creating meaningful employment opportunities for people with autism. Seattle: ACCESS-IT.

Archer, A. L., & Hughes, C. A. (2010). Explicit instruction: effective and efficient teaching. New York: Guilford Press.

Armstrong, T. (2010a). The power of neurodiversity: Discovering the extraordinary gifts of autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and other brain differences. Cambridge: Da Capo Lifelong.

Armstrong, T. (2010b). The power of neurodiversity: Unleashing the advantages of your differently wired brain. Cambridge: Da Capo Lifelong.

Austin, R. D., & Pisano, G. P. (2017). Neurodiversity as a competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review, 2017(3), 96–103.

Britton, E., Simper, N., Leger, A., & Stephenson, J. (2015). Assessing teamwork in undergraduate education: A measurement tool to evaluate individual teamwork skills. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 42(3), 378–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2015.1116497

Daykin, J. (2019). Intrapreneurship. Retrieved from Forbes website: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jordandaykin/2019/01/08/intrapreneurship/#26622d734ea3

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “What” and “Why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01

European Union News. (2019). Organisations missing out on “pool of talent” by failing to support neurodivergent employees. Retrieved from European Union News website: http://european-union-news.newslib.com/

Falcone, P. (2016). 75 ways for managers to hire, develop, and keep great employees. New York: American Management Association.

Grant, A. (2016). Originals how non-conformists move the world. New York: Penguin Publishing Group.

Hyland, S., & Connolly, J. (2018). Companies leading in disability inclusion have outperformed peers, accenture research finds. Retrieved from Accenture website: https://newsroom.accenture.com/news/companies-leading-in-disability-inclusion-have-outperformed-peers-accenture-research-finds.htm

Jones, R. (2018). Communication in the real world (2nd ed.). Boston: Flatworld.

Kokotsaki, D., Menzies, V., & Wiggins, A. (2016). Project-based learning: A review of the literature. Improving Schools, 19(3), 267–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/1365480216659733

Lesaux, N., & Miller, M. (2018). Collaborative learning with structure: How one instructor intentionally models and fosters the key collaboration skills that students need, now and in their professional futures. Retrieved from Harvard Graduate School of Education website: https://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/uk/18/01/collaborative-learning-structure

Martyn, K., Pace, K., & Gee, N. (2015). Application of UDL principles to practice environments: Getting it right? Universal Design for Learning: A License to Learn. Presented at the Universal Design for Learning: A License to Learn, Ireland.

Mcarthur, A., & Markova, D. (2015). Collaborative intelligence. New York: Random House.

Mondaq Ltd., & Lewis, L. (2020). Neurodiversity, Autism And The Workplace – Employment and HR – Worldwide. Retrieved from Mondaq website: https://www.mondaq.com/discrimination-disability-sexual-harassment/893164/neurodiversity-autism-and-the-workplace

Osterholt, D. A., & Barratt, K. (2011). A case for a collaborative classroom. About Campus, 16(2), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/abc.20057

Osterholt, D. A., & Dennis, S. L. (2014). Assessing and addressing student barriers: Implications for today’s college classroom. About Campus, 18(6), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/abc.21140

Peredo, A. M., & Chrisman, J. J. (2006). Toward a theory of community-based enterprise. Academy of Management Review, 31(2), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.20208683

Pinchot, G. (2017). Four definitions for the intrapreneur. Retrieved from The Pinchot Perspective website: https://www.pinchot.com/2017/10/four-definitions-for-the-intrapreneur.html

Poonamallee, L., Scillitoe, J., & Joy, S. (2020). Socio-tech innovation: Harnessing technology for social good. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Richardson, L., McCoy, A., & McNaughton, D. (2019). “He’s worth the extra work”: The employment experiences of adults with ASD who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) as reported by adults with ASD, family members, and employers. Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation, 62(2), 205–219. https://doi.org/10.3233/wor-192856

Scott, M., Falkmer, M., Falkmer, T., & Girdler, S. (2018). Evaluating the effectiveness of an autism-specific workplace tool for employers: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(10), 3377–3392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3611-0

Scott, M., Jacob, A., Hendrie, D., Parsons, R., Girdler, S., Falkmer, T., & Falkmer, M. (2017). Employers’ perception of the costs and the benefits of hiring individuals with autism spectrum disorder in open employment in Australia. PLOS ONE, 12(5),. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177607

Shir, N., Nikolaev, B. N., & Wincent, J. (2019). Entrepreneurship and well-being: The role of psychological autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(5), 105875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.05.002

Singer, J. (2016). Neurodiversity: The birth of an idea. Lexington: Singer.

Tannenbaum, S. I., Mathieu, J. E., Salas, E., & Cohen, D. (2012). Teams are changing: Are research and practice evolving fast enough? Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2011.01396.x

Thatchenkery, T., & Metzker, C. (2006). Appreciative intelligence: Seeing the mighty oak in the acorn. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Timmons, S. (2006). Wittgenstein’s language games as a theory of learning disabilities. Nursing Philosophy, 7(1), 20–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-769x.2006.00245.x

Tuckman, B. W., & Jensen, M. A. C. (1977). Stages of small-group development revisited. Group & Organization Studies, 2(4), 419–427. https://doi.org/10.1177/105960117700200404

Wiklund, J., Yu, W., Tucker, R., & Marino, L. D. (2017). ADHD, impulsivity and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 32(6), 627–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2017.07.002

Subscription or SAM Membership Required

Share This Article

Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn